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Species Information
Summary: Features include 1) resupinate growth on bark or less commonly barkless wood, 2) fruitbodies that start circular but become confluent, white when young becoming cream to bright yellow or ocher-yellow, waxy-membranaceous in consistency, smooth at first but developing teeth that are cylindric to conic to plate-like, 3) spores that are smooth, inamyloid, colorless, and cylindric to slightly curved, 4) basidia that are 4-spored and often constricted, 5) leptocystidia (?cystidioles) that are present but rarely projecting, sometimes moniliform, and 6) a hyphal system that is monomitic with clamp connections.
Basidioradulum radula is found in BC, WA, ID, NB, NF, NS, ON, PE, PQ, CA, DC, FL, GA, IA, IL, KY, LA, MA, MD, MI, MO, MN, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, TX, VT, WI, and WV, (Ginns). It is common in most parts of Scandinavia and Finland, (Eriksson). It occurs in Europe including Switzerland, and in Asia, (Breitenbach). It is found in Finland, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, (Julich).
Fruiting body: resupinate, circular at first, remaining separate or becoming confluent, arising from pads of mycelium under bark or within barkless wood, firm and waxy when dry, "soaking up to a flesh consistency"; white to ''light yellowish brown'' to ''strong yellowish brown'' (colors from Munsell(1)); smooth and remaining so, "becoming cracked and exposing white subiculum in some collections", "or developing occasional to crowded elevations or teeth", "isolated or fascicled, subulate, the tips usually remaining white and floccose, under magnification the surface appearing continuous, waxy"; margins distinct, white, fringed, (Nobles), at first almost corticioid, soon raduloid with blunt teeth, 0.1-0.5cm long and 0.1-0.2cm wide, fruitbody waxy in living state; when young white, then cream to bright yellow or ocher-yellow; margin generally white, finely fringed, at least under hand lens, (Eriksson), forming patches several centimeters to decimeters across, out of rounded spots; irregularly tuberculate-verrucose when young, then odontoid with unevenly long, blunt teeth, (Breitenbach), thick-membranaceous; cream-colored, the margin lighter; even at first, but soon covered with teeth of variable shape, from cylindric to conic to plate-like, "scattered over the whole surface or slightly fasciculate"; margin adnate or reflexed, rhizomorphs lacking, (Julich), spore deposit white (Buczacki)
Microscopic: SPORES 8.0-13.2 x 2.6-4.0 microns, cylindric, flattened on one side, sometimes slightly curved, smooth, inamyloid, colorless; BASIDIA 4-spored, 26-33 x 4.6-6.6 microns, at first ovoid, elongating to clavate, usually with a central constriction; GLOEOCYSTIDIA 35-60(85) x 5.2-7.2 microns, rarely projecting, thin-walled, with homogeneous content staining in phloxine, negative with sulfobenzaldehyde, "indistinguishable from immature basidia in hymenium developing at the margin of fruit bodies", "but soon recognizable as they elongate between the spent basidia", clavate or cylindric, often with constrictions, flexuous [wavy]; in section thin at first, consisting of a few hyphae radiating over substrate and curving down to form hymenium, "becoming 200-800 microns or more thick with teeth up to 1500 microns or more long, with a thin basal layer of horizontal hyphae, a broad intermediate layer making up most of the thickness of the section, composed of loosely arranged, obliquely or vertically descending hyphae", and often containing masses of crystalline material, hyphae 2.0-4.0 microns wide, uniform throughout, loosely arranged, "thin-walled, nodose-septate, often lightly incrusted with crystals", with frequent H-anastomoses; moniliform terminal cells only on vegetative mycelium at base of fruitbody "or in growing margin or on hyphae in decayed wood", (15)30-66 microns long, 3.3-4.6 microns wide at base, slender, tapering, flexuous [wavy], (Nobles), SPORES 9-11 x 3-3.5 microns, allantoid, smooth, inamyloid, thin-walled, with homogeneous contents; BASIDIA 4-spored, 20-25 x 4-6 microns, subclavate to subcylindric (often constricted), with basal clamp connection; CYSTIDIA generally few, especially when mature, 50-70 x 5-8 microns, thin-walled, with homogeneous contents, cylindric with few constrictions to definitely moniliform; HYPHAE monomitic mostly 3-4 microns wide, "thin-walled or in the centre of the teeth with somewhat thickened walls", densely branched and closely interwoven in the subhymenial part, "otherwise rather straight with sparse branches", all septa with clamp connections, (Eriksson), SPORES 8.5-10 x 3-3.5 microns; LEPTOCYSTIDIA 45-60 x 5-7 microns, sinuous to moniliform, (Breitenbach), SPORES 7-11 x 2.3-3 microns, with small apiculus; CYSTIDIA and gloeocystidia lacking but moniliform CYSTIDIOLES sometimes present, 35-60 x 5-7 microns; BASAL HYPHAE distinct and straight, SUBHYMENIAL HYPHAE often tortuous-torulose and indistinct, (Julich)
Habitat / Range
on bark or rarely barkless wood of hardwoods and conifers; associated with a white rot, (Nobles), twigs, decaying limbs on ground; hardwoods and conifers; associated with a white rot, (Ginns), mostly on hardwood bark, but may be found on debarked wood and in rare cases on conifers; "commonly seen on erect or sloping dead young trunks and branches, less often on stumps or fallen logs", (Eriksson), most frequent on wild cherry, but on many other species also; all year (Buczacki)
